Wildfire Smoke Can Harm Lungs for Days or Weeks After the Flames Are Out

Wildfire smoke is not only a problem while a fire is burning. It carries hazardous particles that can affect the lungs and breathing long after the flames are gone, and experts say the risks from exposure can last for days or even weeks.

Dr. Conner Moslander, a pulmonary specialist, said the effects are not limited to people who already have health problems. Smoke can cause symptoms in anyone who is exposed to it, including people with healthy lungs. He recommends wearing a mask around heavy smoke. "I tell my patients, any smoke is too much smoke," he said.

According to Moslander, exposure can bring on wheezing, coughing, congestion and shortness of breath. Those symptoms can persist for days or even weeks. He said he has seen more patients with worsening symptoms since the recent fires, and that the start of allergy season is adding to the problem. "I've seen patients with worsening congestion, wheezing, and cough, which is expected," he said.

Firefighters face some of the greatest exposure, and the Tulsa Fire Department trains its crews to limit it. Andy Little of the department said crews depend on firefighting tactics to stay as safe as possible during wildland fires. "Firefighting is a hazardous job, but we do our best to protect our crews by rotating them and allowing for medical breaks," Little said.

One of the main tactics involves where crews position themselves. Firefighters typically attack a fire from ground that has already burned, which helps keep them out of wind-blown smoke. Winds can shift, however, and that can still put crews in the path of smoke. "It's up to them to be tactically smart and stay aware of their surroundings," Little said.

For anyone who develops symptoms after being around smoke, Moslander advises contacting a doctor. That is especially important for people with underlying lung conditions and for first responders. He said patients should call their healthcare provider if symptoms get worse or new ones appear.

One warning sign he singled out is abnormal mucus or phlegm, particularly if it is black. Moslander said acting early can help prevent further complications.